Kinetics of flocculated illite suspensions affected by ionic strength, pH, and hydrodynamic shearing
نویسندگان
چکیده
An experimental investigation is presented of the kinetics particle size distributions (PSDs) flocculated illite suspensions subject to varying ionic strength, pH, and hydrodynamic shearing. A total 21 PSD measurements were conducted by analyzing high-resolution optical images flocs extracted from with a concentration 0.4 g/L prepared at four strengths (i.e., 0, 0.09, 0.17, 0.60 M NaCl solution), three pHs 8.61, 4.51, 2.25), vibrational shaking speeds 150, 225, 300 oscillation/min) durations 10, 30, 60, 1440 min). Experimental histograms constructed using new bin index (BSI) data binning method involving conversion original multimodal lognormal into regular Gaussian distributions, followed probability density function (PDF)-based deconvolution extract number, mean, standard deviation, fraction different characteristic groups: primary particles, flocculi, microflocs, macroflocs. Results show that flocculation enhanced high strength low more microflocs macroflocs form higher M) acidic 2.25, 4.51). Moreover, shearing causes breakdown weaker flocs, but promotes stronger smaller ones. The BSI can better reveal smaller-sized groups due logarithmic conversion. chiefly controlled face-to-face edge-to-face interparticle interactions, caused suppression electrical double layer generation positive edge charges, respectively. Finally, implications significance clay for engineering practices environmental processes are discussed.
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Applied Clay Science
سال: 2022
ISSN: ['1872-9053', '0169-1317']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2022.106462